Mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi no kunganda bitabarika, duhora dukikijwe nibicuruzwa bikozwe muri stoel cyangwa aluminium. Duhereye ku ruzi rwa kera ruhindura imigi yacu mu modoka dutwara kandi amabati afata ibinyobwa dukunda, ibi bikoresho byombi bigira uruhare runini. Ariko iyo bigeze bihitamo hagati yicyuma na aluminium kubisabwa runaka, icyemezo gishobora kuba kiri kure cyane. Reka dusubiremo gushakisha birambuye kugirango tumenye umuntu ashobora kuba mwiza kubintu bitandukanye.
Ibyuma na Aluminium: Intangiriro
Ibyuma
Icyuma ni umuco ugizwe ahanini nicyuma na karubone. Ibirimo bya karubone, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 0.2% kuri 2.1% kuburemere, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumitungo yayo.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma. Urugero, ibyuma bya karubone, bizwi ku mbaraga no guhemba. Byakoreshejwe cyane mubwubatsi no gukora. Alloy Steel, kurundi ruhande, afite ibintu byinyongera nka Manganese, Chromium, cyangwa nikel yongereye imitungo yihariye nkugahinda, gukomera, cyangwa kurwanya ruswa. Tekereza ku bufatanye i - ibiti bikoreshwa mu kubaka inyubako cyangwa inshinge bidafite iramba - ibikoresho by'ibyuma mu gikoni cyawe - ibi byose nibicuruzwa byurubuga rwa site.
Aluminium
Aluminium ni icyuma cyoroshye cyamamaye mu bukorikori bw'isi. Mubisanzwe biboneka muri bauxite ore kandi bisaba imbaraga zingenzi zo gukuramo.Aluminum muburyo butuje buroroshye, ariko iyo abujijwe ibintu nkumuringa, magnesium, cyangwa zinc, birakomera cyane. Alloys isanzwe ikubiyemo 6061, ikoreshwa cyane muri rusange - Porogaramu igamije nkibice byimodoka na 7075, bizwi ku mbaraga nyinshi kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mubikorwa bya Aerospace. Reba hirya no hino, kandi uzabona aluminium mubintu bya buri munsi nkibinyobwa, idirishya, ndetse no murwego rwo hejuru - electronics.
Ibintu byumubiri bikwerekana
Ubucucike
Imwe mu itandukaniro ryinshi riri hagati yicyuma na aluminium ni ubucucike bwabo. Icyuma gisanzwe gifite ubucucike bwa garama 7,85 kuri santimetero. Ibinyuranye, ubucucike bwa Aluminium ni garama zigera kuri 2.7 kuri santimetero. Itandukaniro rikomeye rikora aluminium. Mu nganda zindege, kurugero, ikiro cyose cyo kugabanya ibiro gishobora kuganisha ku kuzigama kwa lisansi hejuru yubuzima bwumubiri. Niyo mpamvu aluminium nigikoresho cyo guhitamo kubaka imibiri n'amababa yindege. Ariko, mubisabwa aho uburemere butitayeho, kandi umutekano kubera ubwinshi bwimashini zinganda cyangwa urufatiro rwimiterere minini, ubucucike buhebuje burashobora kuba akarusho.
Imbaraga
Ibyuma bizwi cyane kubwimbaraga zayo nyinshi. Hejuru - Ibyuma bya karubone na alyy ibyuma birashobora kugera ku mbaraga zikaze cyane, bigatuma iba nziza aho kuba inyangamugayo munsi yimitwaro iremereye ni ngombwa. Kurugero, ibiraro byahagaritswe bimara amazi menshi bishingikiriza ku nsinga y'ibyuma n'ibiti kugira ngo bihangane n'uburemere bw'ingabo n'ingabo z'ingabo. Aluminum alloys, nubwo, na we yagize intambwe ikomeye. Hafi - imbaraga za aluminium, nkibikoreshwa muri aerospace, birashobora guhangana nimbaraga - kuri - Ikigereranyo cyibiro byibumoso. Mu nganda zimodoka, Aluminium igenda ikoreshwa muburyo bwumubiri kugirango igabanye ibiro mugihe akomeje kubungabunga ibipimo byumutekano, kuko iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya Asloy ryateje imbere imiterere yimbaraga.
Gukora
Ku bijyanye n'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, Aluminium Outshines ibyuma. Aluminum numuyobora mwiza wamashanyarazi, niyo mpamvu ikoreshwa mumirongo yohereza imbaraga. Itanga uburinganire bwiza hagati yibikorwa nibiciro, cyane cyane iyo ugereranije nabayobora bihenze nkumuringa. Kubijyanye nubushobozi bwumuriro, ubushobozi bwa Aluminum bwo kwimura ubushyuhe vuba bituma habaho guhitamo gukumira ubushyuhe mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kurugero, amarangi akonje kuri CPU ya mudasobwa akunze gukorwa muri aluminium alumunum kugirango atandukane neza kandi akumire cyane. Icyuma, mugihe gishobora gukora amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, ubikora ku buryo bwo hasi, bigatuma bidakwiriye gusaba aho bitwara neza ari ngombwa.
Imiti yimiti: Reba neza
Kurwanya Kwangirika
Icyuma gifite agatsinsino ka Achilles iyo bigeze kuri ruswa. Imbere ya ogisijeni nubushuhe, ibyuma byoroshye guhura na okiside, gukora ingese. Ibi birashobora guca intege imiterere mugihe runaka. Kurwanya ibi, ingamba zitandukanye zo kurinda zikoreshwa, nko gushushanya, guhora (guhinga hamwe na zinc), cyangwa ukoresheje ibyuma bidafite ingaruka, birimo chromium ikora urwego rwa ofigide. Aluminum, kurundi ruhande, afite inyungu karemano. Iyo uhuye numwuka, bikora urwego ruto, rwuzuye oxide hejuru. Iyi ngingo ikora nkinzitizi, irinda izindi myanda nimbaro. Ibi bituma aluminiyumu abereye cyane gusaba hanze, nko mubice byo ku nkombe aho umwuka wumunyu ushobora kuba urubura. Kurugero, uruzitiro rwa aluminium hamwe nigikoresho cyo hanze birashobora kwihanganira imyaka yo guhura nibintu bitangirika cyane.
Imiti
Aluminum ni icyuma kireba. Mubihe bimwe, irashobora kubyitwaramo cyane, cyane cyane hamwe na acide. Ariko, urwego rurinda umurongo uringaniye ku buso bwayo mubihe bisanzwe bibubuza ibintu byinshi. Mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe byinganda, ihutira guhuriramo irashobora gukoreshwa. Kurugero, mugukora imitimwe imwe, aluminium irashobora gukoreshwa nkumukozi ugabanya. Ibyuma, ugereranije, ntabwo byoroshye muburyo busanzwe. Ariko hejuru - ubushyuhe cyangwa aside ikora cyane / ibyingenzi, birashobora guhura n'ibitekerezo bya chimique bishobora kugira ingaruka kuba inyangamugayo. Kurugero, mubihingwa bimwe na bimwe bya shimi, amanota yihariye yicyuma asabwa kurwanya ingaruka mbi ziterwa na chimical zikaze.
Kugereranya imikorere yo gutunganya
Gushiraho no gutunganya
Icyuma gitanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora amahitamo. Guhimba nuburyo busanzwe aho icyuma gishyushye kandi gikunzwe nkoresheje imbaraga zo gutera.Ibi biratunganye byo gukora ibice bikomeye kandi bigoye-biteye ubwoba, nka Crankshafts muri moteri. Kuzunguruka niyindi nzira aho ibyuma byanyuze mumyanda kugirango itange impapuro, amasahani, cyangwa imyirondoro itandukanye. Inganda zimodoka zikunze gukoresha kashe, ubwoko bwimikorere ikonje, kugirango ukore umubiri wimodoka mumpapuro. Aluminium nayo irasa cyane kandi irashobora gushingwa byoroshye. Intambwe ninzira ikunzwe kuri aluminium, mugihe icyuma gihatirwa unyuze kugirango gipfe kugirango ukore ibintu birebire kandi kimwe. Nuburyo bwamadirishya ya aluminium akorerwa. Gupfa-guta nabyo birakoreshwa cyane kuri aluminiyumu, bituma umusaruro wibice bigoye kandi birambuye, nka moteri yimodoka mumodoka nyinshi zigezweho.
Imikorere yo gusudira
Gusudira ibyuma birashobora kuba inzira igoye. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bisaba uburyo bwo gusudira hamwe nibikoresho byuzuza. Kurugero, ibyuma bya karubone birashobora gusudira gukoresha uburyo nka arc gusudira, ariko kwirinda bigomba gukorwa kugirango birinde ibibazo nkibihuriye hydrogan, bishobora guca intege urubwite. Bitewe nibintu byayo, ibyuma bidashira birashobora gusaba electrode idasanzwe kugirango ushire neza kandi urwanya urusaku. Kurundi ruhande, gusudira aluminium byerekana ingorane zayo. Aluminum ifite imishinga myinshi yubushyuhe, bivuze ko ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe vuba mugihe cyo gusudira. Ibi bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi nibikoresho byihariye byo gusudira, nka gaze ya tungsten induru (TIG) gusudira cyangwa induru ya inert (mig) gusudira. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwa oxide kuri aluminimu rugomba kuvaho mbere yo gusudira kugirango tubone umubano ukwiye.
Ibitekerezo byafashwe
Ikiguzi cyibikoresho
Igiciro cyicyuma kirahagaze neza. Icyuma, ibikoresho nyamukuru byumusaruro wicyuma, ni byinshi mubice byinshi byisi. Ikiguzi cyo gucukura no gutunganya icyuma, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kuyihindura ibyuma, bigira uruhare mubikorwa byayo. Ariko, aluminium ifite inzira igoye kandi yingufu-ingufu. Bauxite ore igomba kunonosorwa muri Alumina, hanyuma electrolysis ikoreshwa mugukuramo alumini. Iyi mikoreshereze yingufu, hamwe nigiciro cyo gucukura no gutunganya bauxite, muri rusange bituma ibiciro byibikoresho bifatika bikaba birenze ibyuma.
Igiciro cyo gutunganya
Icyuma cyashizweho neza kandi gikora cyane gisobanura ko, mubihe byinshi, igiciro cyo gutunganya gishobora gucirwa bugufi, cyane cyane kumusaruro munini. Ariko, niba imiterere igoye cyangwa imashini zifatika zikenewe, ikiguzi gishobora kwiyongera cyane. Mubice bimwe, gutunganya ibiruhumu birashobora kuba bihenze. Nubwo byoroshye gushiraho imiterere igoye, hakenewe ibikoresho byihariye kubikorwa nkibisanzwe ningorane zo gusudira zirashobora gutwara ikiguzi. Kurugero, gushiraho umurongo wiyongera kuri aluminiyumu bisaba ishoramari ryinshi mubikoresho nibikoresho.
Muri rusange
Mugihe usuzumye igiciro rusange, ntabwo ari ibiciro byo gutunganya ibintu fatizo no gutunganya. Ibisabwa ubuzima bwiza hamwe nibicuruzwa byanyuma bigira uruhare runini. Kurugero, imiterere yicyuma irashobora gukenera gushushanya no kubungabunga kugirango birinde ibikori, byongera ikiguzi kirekire. Imiterere ya Alumum, hamwe no kurwanya ibicuruzwa byangiritse, birashobora kugira ibiciro byo kubungabunga mugihe runaka. Mubyiciro bimwe, nko kubaka inyubako nini yinganda, ibiciro byo hepfo nibiciro byo gutunganya no gutunganya ibiciro byicyuma birashobora gutuma birushaho gutanga ibiciro. Mu bindi bihe, kimwe no gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yo hejuru, aho hashobora kwishyuza ibintu byoroheje kandi birwanya ruswa byerekana ko ikiguzi cyo hejuru, aluminium gishobora guhitamo.
Porogaramu zitandukanye
Umwanya wubwubatsi
Mu nganda zubwubatsi, ibyuma ni ibintu byingenzi. Imbaraga zayo nyinshi nubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro bikaba ngombwa kugirango wubake amakadiri yikirere ninyubako nini zubucuruzi. Imitsi yicyuma ninkingi irashobora gushyigikira uburemere bukabije, yemerera kubaka inyubako ndende kandi ifunguye. Ikiraro nacyo kirangira cyane kuri steel. Ikiraro cyahagaritswe, hamwe namashumbi yabo ndende, koresha insinga na trusses kugirango ukwirakwize umutwaro. Ibinyuranye, aluminum akunze gukoreshwa kubisabwa byinshi byiza kandi byoroheje. Amadirishya n'inzugi birazwi kubera isura yabo igezweho, imikorere yingufu, no kurwanya ruswa. Inkuta za aluminium zirashobora guha inyubako isura nziza kandi yigihe nayo mugihe nayo iremereye, ikagabanya umutwaro mumiterere yinyubako.
Inganda zimodoka
Icyuma kimaze igihe kinini ari ibintu byiganje mu nganda zimodoka. Ikoreshwa muri chassis, amakadiri yumubiri, nibice byinshi bya mashini kubera imbaraga nyinshi, ari ngombwa kumutekano. Ariko, uko inganda zigenda zigana kumodoka zikoresha amavuta, aluminium ikoreshwa cyane. Aluminum ikoreshwa muri moteri ya moteri, igabanya uburemere bwa moteri kandi nayo, itezimbere ubukungu bwa lisansi. Iragenda kandi ikoreshwa mumwanya wumubiri kugirango igabanye uburemere rusange bwikinyabiziga nta kwigomwa, nkuko bigezweho aluminium bigezweho bishobora gutanga imbaraga zikenewe.
Umurima wa Aerospace
Icyuma kimaze igihe kinini ari ibintu byiganje mu nganda zimodoka. Ikoreshwa muri chassis, amakadiri yumubiri, nibice byinshi bya mashini kubera imbaraga nyinshi, ari ngombwa kumutekano. Ariko, uko inganda zigenda zigana kumodoka zikoresha amavuta, aluminium ikoreshwa cyane. Aluminum ikoreshwa muri moteri ya moteri, igabanya uburemere bwa moteri kandi nayo, itezimbere ubukungu bwa lisansi. Iragenda kandi ikoreshwa mumwanya wumubiri kugirango igabanye uburemere rusange bwikinyabiziga nta kwigomwa, nkuko bigezweho aluminium bigezweho bishobora gutanga imbaraga zikenewe.
Gukoresha buri munsi
Mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, akenshi duhura nibicuruzwa byombi nibicuruzwa bya aluminium. Icyuma gikoreshwa mu ibyuma byo mu gikoni, aho gukomera no kugumana impande birashimwa cyane. Ibikoresho bikozwe mubyuma, nkintebe yicyuma nimbonerahamwe, birashobora kuba byinshi bikomeye kandi bifite imbaraga. Kurundi ruhande, aluminum urashobora kuboneka mubintu nkibishusho byoroheje, bishyushya vuba kandi birahari. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nka mudasobwa zigendanwa n'ibinini, akenshi bifite imanza za mu gitondo kubera isura yabo idafite isura, igishushanyo cyoroheje, hamwe n'imitungo myiza y'ubushyuhe.
Guhitamo neza
Guhitamo ukurikije ibisabwa
Niba ukeneye ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi no gukomera kumiterere yumutwaro, ibyuma birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bwiza. Kurugero, mububiko bunini bwinganda aho imashini ziremereye zizabikwa, ibiti by'imiti birashobora gutanga inkunga ikenewe. Ariko, niba kugabanya ibiro ari ngombwa, nko mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyangwa imodoka yo kwiruka, ubucucike bwa aluminium butuma bihindura cyane. Ku bijyanye no kuyobora, niba ukora ku mashanyarazi cyangwa ubushyuhe, aluminium igomba kuba ikwiye.
Guhitamo ukurikije ingengo yimari
Imishinga ifite ingengo yimishinga itagabanye, ibyuma birashobora guhitamo mubukungu, cyane cyane urebye ibiciro byayo byo hasi kandi muri rusange bitunganya ibiciro byo gutunganya ibintu byoroshye. Ariko, niba ushobora kugura ikiguzi cyo hejuru kandi ushakisha kuzigama igihe kirekire mubijyanye no kubungabunga no gukora, aluminum birashobora kuba ishoramari ryiza. Kurugero, mu gace k'inyanja aho rubi, imiterere ya aluminum irashobora gushinga ibiri mu ntangiriro ariko izabika amafaranga mugihe kirekire kubera kurwanya ruswa.
Guhitamo ukurikije ibisabwa
Mubyiciro byo hanze, cyane cyane mubidukikije bikaze, kurwanya ruswa ya aluminium bitanga akarusho. Kurugero, ibimenyetso byo hanze cyangwa inkingi zoroheje bikozwe muri aluminium bizamara igihe kirekire utajegajega. Muburyo bwinganda bwinganda, nko mu mbaraga y'ibyuma cyangwa imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bw'icyuma bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bukabije bituma ibikoresho bikunzwe.
Mu gusoza, ikibazo kimaze igihe cyo kumenya niba ibyuma cyangwa aluminium nibyiza bidafite igisubizo rusange. Ibikoresho byombi bifite imitungo yabo yihariye, ibyiza, nibibi. Mugusuzuma witonze ibisabwa mumushinga wawe, byaba imikorere, ikiguzi, cyangwa ibiciro byihariye, urashobora gufata umwanzuro ubimenyeshejwe. Twifuza kumva ibyakubayeho muguhitamo hagati yicyuma na aluminium. Nyamuneka Sangira ibitekerezo byawe mubitekerezo bikurikira!
Igihe cyagenwe: Gashyantare-17-2025
