Mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi no mu nganda zitabarika, duhora dukikijwe nibicuruzwa bikozwe mubyuma cyangwa aluminium. Kuva mu bicu birebire byerekana imiterere yumujyi wacu kugeza kumodoka dutwara hamwe namabati afata ibinyobwa dukunda, ibi bikoresho byombi bigira uruhare runini. Ariko mugihe cyo guhitamo hagati yicyuma na aluminiyumu kubisabwa runaka, icyemezo gishobora kuba kure yuburyo bworoshye. Reka dutangire ubushakashatsi burambuye kugirango tumenye imwe ishobora kuba nziza kubikenewe bitandukanye.
Ibyuma na Aluminium: Intangiriro
Icyuma
Icyuma ni umusemburo ugizwe ahanini nicyuma na karubone. Ibirimo bya karubone, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 0.2% kugeza kuri 2,1% kuburemere, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yabyo.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma. Urugero, ibyuma bya karubone, bizwiho imbaraga kandi bihendutse. Ikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi no gukora. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyuma bivanze, bifite ibintu byiyongera nka manganese, chromium, cyangwa nikel byongeweho kugirango byongere ibintu byihariye nko gukomera, gukomera, cyangwa kurwanya ruswa. Tekereza imbaraga zikomeye I - ibiti bikoreshwa mukubaka inyubako cyangwa ibikoresho biramba - ibikoresho byicyuma mugikoni cyawe - ibi byose nibicuruzwa byubwinshi bwibyuma.
Aluminium
Aluminium nicyuma cyoroheje cyinshi mubutaka bwisi. Ubusanzwe iboneka mu bucukuzi bwa bauxite kandi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gukuramo.Aluminium muburyo bwayo bworoshye iroroshye, ariko iyo ivanze nibintu nkumuringa, magnesium, cyangwa zinc, iba ikomeye cyane. Amavuta ya aluminiyumu asanzwe arimo 6061, akoreshwa cyane muri rusange - porogaramu igamije nk'ibice by'imodoka na 7075, izwiho imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikoreshwa kenshi mu bigize ikirere. Reba hirya no hino, uzabona aluminiyumu mubintu bya buri munsi nkibikombe byibinyobwa, amakadiri yidirishya, ndetse no murwego rwo hejuru rwa elegitoroniki.
Ibintu bifatika
Ubucucike
Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje cyane hagati yicyuma na aluminium nubucucike bwazo. Ubusanzwe ibyuma bifite ubucucike bwa garama 7,85 kuri santimetero kibe. Ibinyuranye, ubucucike bwa aluminium bugera kuri garama 2,7 kuri santimetero kibe. Itandukaniro rikomeye rituma aluminiyumu yoroshye cyane. Mu nganda zindege, nkurugero, buri kilo cyo kugabanya ibiro birashobora gutuma habaho kuzigama amavuta menshi mugihe cyindege. Niyo mpamvu aluminium ari ibikoresho byo guhitamo kubaka imibiri yindege namababa. Nyamara, mubisabwa aho uburemere butareba, kandi birasabwa gutuza bitewe na misa, nko mubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwimashini zinganda cyangwa urufatiro rwinzego nini, ubwinshi bwibyuma birashobora kuba akarusho.
Imbaraga
Ibyuma bizwiho imbaraga nyinshi. Ibyuma byinshi - ibyuma bya karubone hamwe nicyuma gishobora kugera ku mbaraga ndende cyane, bigatuma biba byiza mubikorwa aho uburinganire bwimiterere munsi yimitwaro iremereye ari ngombwa. Kurugero, ibiraro byahagaritswe byinzira nini zamazi bishingira insinga zicyuma nibiti kugirango bihangane nuburemere bwimodoka nimbaraga zidukikije. Amavuta ya aluminiyumu, nubwo, yateye intambwe nini mu mbaraga. Bimwe murwego rwo hejuru - imbaraga za aluminiyumu, nkibikoreshwa mu kirere, birashobora guhangana nimbaraga - kuri - igipimo cyibiro byibyuma bimwe. Mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, aluminiyumu iragenda ikoreshwa mu miterere y’umubiri kugirango igabanye ibiro mu gihe ikomeza kugumana ibipimo by’umutekano, kuko iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya alloy ryateje imbere imbaraga zaryo.
Imyitwarire
Iyo bigeze kumashanyarazi nubushyuhe, aluminiyumu irenga ibyuma. Aluminium nuyobora amashanyarazi meza, niyo mpamvu ikoreshwa mumirongo yohereza amashanyarazi. Itanga impirimbanyi nziza hagati yimyitwarire nigiciro, cyane cyane ugereranije nuyobora bihenze nkumuringa. Kubijyanye nubushyuhe bwumuriro, ubushobozi bwa aluminium yohereza ubushyuhe byihuse bituma ihitamo gukundwa cyane nubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kurugero, ibishishwa bikonjesha kuri CPU ya mudasobwa akenshi bikozwe muri aluminiyumu kugirango bigabanye neza ubushyuhe kandi birinde ubushyuhe. Icyuma, nubwo gishobora gutwara amashanyarazi nubushyuhe, kibikora ku gipimo cyo hasi cyane, bigatuma bidakwiriye gukoreshwa aho bikenewe cyane.
Ibikoresho bya Shimi: Reba hafi
Kurwanya ruswa
Icyuma gifite agatsinsino ka Achilles mugihe cyo kwangirika. Imbere ya ogisijeni nubushuhe, ibyuma byoroshye guhura na okiside, bikora ingese. Ibi birashobora guca intege imiterere mugihe. Kurwanya ibi, hakoreshwa ingamba zitandukanye zo gukingira, nko gusiga amarangi, gusya (gusiga hamwe na zinc), cyangwa gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda, birimo chromium ikora paside ya oxyde. Aluminium, kurundi ruhande, ifite inyungu karemano. Iyo ihuye n'umwuka, ikora urwego ruto, rwinshi rwa oxyde hejuru yacyo. Uru rupapuro rukora nka bariyeri, rukarinda okiside na ruswa. Ibi bituma aluminiyumu ikwiranye cyane no hanze, nko mubice byinyanja aho umwuka wumunyu ushobora kwangirika cyane. Kurugero, uruzitiro rwa aluminiyumu nibikoresho byo hanze birashobora kwihanganira imyaka yo guhura nibintu nta kwangirika gukomeye.
Imiti ikora
Aluminium ni icyuma gisa neza. Mubihe bimwe, irashobora kwitwara cyane, cyane hamwe na acide. Nyamara, urwego rukingira oxyde ikora hejuru yubuso bwayo mubihe bisanzwe birabuza abantu kwitwara neza. Mubikorwa bimwe byinganda, reaction ya aluminiyumu irashobora gukoreshwa. Kurugero, mugukora imiti imwe nimwe, aluminiyumu irashobora gukoreshwa nkibintu bigabanya. Icyuma, ugereranije, ntigikora cyane mubihe bisanzwe. Ariko murwego rwo hejuru - ubushyuhe cyangwa acide cyane / ibidukikije byibanze, irashobora guhura nubushakashatsi bwimiti ishobora kugira ingaruka mubusugire bwayo. Kurugero, mubihingwa bimwe na bimwe byimiti, ibyiciro byihariye byibyuma birasabwa kurwanya ingaruka mbi ziterwa nimiti ikaze.
Kugereranya imikorere yo gutunganya
Gushiraho no Gutunganya
Ibyuma bitanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Guhimba nuburyo busanzwe aho icyuma gishyuha kandi kigakoreshwa mugukoresha imbaraga zo guhonyora.Ibi nibyiza gukora ibice bikomeye kandi bigoye, nkibikonoshwa muri moteri. Kuzunguruka nubundi buryo aho ibyuma binyuzwa mumuzingo kugirango bitange impapuro, amasahani, cyangwa imyirondoro itandukanye. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zikoresha kenshi kashe, ubwoko bwimikorere ikonje, kugirango ikore ibinyabiziga byimodoka biva kumpapuro. Aluminium nayo irashobora gukoreshwa cyane kandi irashobora gukorwa byoroshye. Gukuramo ni inzira ikunzwe kuri aluminium, mugihe icyuma gihatirwa gupfa kugirango habeho ishusho ndende kandi imwe. Nuburyo ikadiri ya aluminiyumu ikorwa. Die-casting nayo ikoreshwa cyane kuri aluminium, igafasha gukora ibice bigoye kandi birambuye, nka moteri ihagarika mumodoka nyinshi zigezweho.
Imikorere yo gusudira
Gusudira ibyuma birashobora kuba inzira igoye. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bisaba tekinoroji yo gusudira nibikoresho byuzuza. Kurugero, ibyuma bya karubone birashobora gusudwa hakoreshejwe uburyo nko gusudira arc, ariko hagomba gufatwa ingamba kugirango hirindwe ibibazo nko kwinjiza hydrogène, bishobora guca intege urugingo. Bitewe nibintu bivangavanze, ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora gusaba electrode yihariye kugirango isudire ikomeye kandi idashobora kwangirika. Kurundi ruhande, gusudira aluminiyumu byerekana ingorane zayo. Aluminium ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo hejuru, bivuze ko ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe vuba mugihe cyo gusudira. Ibi bisaba kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwinshi nibikoresho byihariye byo gusudira, nka tungsten inert gaze (TIG) gusudira cyangwa gusudira ibyuma bya inert (MIG). Byongeye kandi, oxyde ya aluminiyumu igomba gukurwaho mbere yo gusudira kugirango habeho isano ikwiye.
Ibiciro
Igiciro cyibikoresho
Igiciro cyibyuma kirahagaze neza. Amabuye y'icyuma, ibikoresho by'ibanze bikenerwa mu gukora ibyuma, ni byinshi mu bice byinshi by'isi. Igiciro cyo gucukura no gutunganya amabuye y'icyuma, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kuyihindura mubyuma, bigira uruhare mubushobozi bwayo. Nyamara, aluminium ifite uburyo bukomeye kandi butanga ingufu. Amabuye ya Bauxite agomba gutunganyirizwa muri alumina, hanyuma electrolysis ikoreshwa mugukuramo aluminiyumu. Izi mbaraga nyinshi zisabwa, hamwe nigiciro cyo gucukura no gutunganya bauxite, mubisanzwe bituma igiciro fatizo cya aluminiyumu kirenze icyuma.
Igiciro cyo gutunganya
Ibyuma byubatswe neza kandi bikwirakwizwa cyane bivuze ko, mubihe byinshi, igiciro cyo gutunganya gishobora kuba gito cyane cyane kubikorwa binini. Ariko, niba imiterere igoye cyangwa imashini ihanitse ikenewe, igiciro kirashobora kwiyongera cyane. Mubice bimwe, gutunganya aluminiyumu birashobora kuba bihenze. Nubwo byoroshye gukora muburyo bugoye, gukenera ibikoresho kabuhariwe mubikorwa nka extrait hamwe nibibazo byo gusudira birashobora gutwara igiciro. Kurugero, gushiraho umurongo wo gukuramo aluminium bisaba ishoramari ryinshi mubikoresho nibikoresho.
Muri rusange Ibiciro
Iyo urebye igiciro rusange, ntabwo kireba gusa ibikoresho fatizo nibiciro byo gutunganya. Igihe cyo kubaho no kubungabunga ibicuruzwa byanyuma nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Kurugero, imiterere yicyuma irashobora gukenera gusiga amarangi no kuyitaho kugirango wirinde kwangirika, byiyongera kubiciro byigihe kirekire. Imiterere ya aluminiyumu, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa neza, irashobora kugira amafaranga make yo kubungabunga igihe. Mubisabwa bimwe, nko kubaka inyubako nini yinganda, ibikoresho byo hasi hamwe nigiciro cyo gutunganya ibyuma birashobora gutuma bikoresha neza. Mu bindi bihe, nko mu bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, aho ibintu byoroheje kandi birwanya ruswa bya aluminiyumu bifite ishingiro, aluminiyumu ishobora guhitamo.
Porogaramu zitandukanye
Umwanya wo kubaka
Mu nganda zubaka, ibyuma nibikoresho byingenzi. Imbaraga zayo nyinshi hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro bituma biba ngombwa mukubaka amakadiri yububiko nububiko bunini bwubucuruzi. Ibiti by'ibyuma n'inkingi birashobora gushyigikira uburemere bwinshi, butuma hubakwa inyubako ndende kandi ifunguye-gahunda. Ikiraro nacyo gishingiye cyane ku byuma. Ikiraro cyo guhagarika, hamwe nigihe kirekire, koresha insinga zicyuma na truss kugirango ugabanye umutwaro. Ibinyuranye, aluminiyumu ikoreshwa kenshi muburyo bwiza kandi bworoshye. Idirishya rya Aluminium n'inzugi birakunzwe kubera isura igezweho, gukoresha ingufu, no kurwanya ruswa. Urukuta rwa aluminiyumu rushobora guha inyubako isura nziza kandi igezweho mugihe nayo yoroshye, bikagabanya umutwaro kumiterere yinyubako.
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Ibyuma bimaze igihe kinini byiganje mubikorwa byimodoka. Ikoreshwa muri chassis, kumiterere yumubiri, hamwe nibikoresho byinshi byubukanishi kubera imbaraga zayo nyinshi, ningirakamaro kumutekano. Nyamara, uko inganda zigenda zerekeza ku binyabiziga bikoresha peteroli, aluminiyumu igenda ikoreshwa cyane. Aluminiyumu ikoreshwa muri moteri, igabanya uburemere bwa moteri, nayo, ikazamura ubukungu bwa peteroli. Irakoreshwa kandi cyane mumibiri yumubiri kugirango igabanye uburemere bwikinyabiziga cyose utitaye kumutekano, kuko amavuta ya aluminiyumu agezweho ashobora gutanga imbaraga zikenewe.
Ikibuga cy'indege
Ibyuma bimaze igihe kinini byiganje mubikorwa byimodoka. Ikoreshwa muri chassis, kumiterere yumubiri, hamwe nibikoresho byinshi byubukanishi kubera imbaraga zayo nyinshi, ningirakamaro kumutekano. Nyamara, uko inganda zigenda zerekeza ku binyabiziga bikoresha peteroli, aluminiyumu igenda ikoreshwa cyane. Aluminiyumu ikoreshwa muri moteri, igabanya uburemere bwa moteri, nayo, ikazamura ubukungu bwa peteroli. Irakoreshwa kandi cyane mumibiri yumubiri kugirango igabanye uburemere bwikinyabiziga cyose utitaye kumutekano, kuko amavuta ya aluminiyumu agezweho ashobora gutanga imbaraga zikenewe.
Buri munsi Koresha Ibicuruzwa Umwanya
Mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, dukunze guhura nibicuruzwa byuma na aluminium. Ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mubyuma byigikoni, aho ubukana bwabyo hamwe nuburyo bwo kugumana bishimwa cyane. Ibikoresho bikozwe mu byuma, nk'intebe z'icyuma n'ameza, birashobora kuba bikomeye kandi bigezweho. Kurundi ruhande, aluminium irashobora kuboneka mubintu nkibikoresho byoroheje bitetse, bishyuha vuba kandi neza. Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, nka mudasobwa zigendanwa na tableti, akenshi bifite aluminiyumu bitewe nuburyo bugaragara, igishushanyo cyoroheje, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Guhitamo neza
Guhitamo Ukurikije Ibisabwa
Niba ukeneye ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi no gukomera kumiterere yikintu kiremereye, ibyuma birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bwiza. Kurugero, mububiko bunini bwinganda aho hazabikwa imashini ziremereye, ibiti byibyuma birashobora gutanga inkunga ikenewe. Ariko, niba kugabanya ibiro aribyingenzi byambere, nko mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa cyangwa imodoka yo kwiruka, ubucucike buke bwa aluminiyumu bituma ihitamo neza. Iyo bigeze ku mikorere, niba urimo gukora amashanyarazi cyangwa ubushyuhe, aluminium igomba kuba iyambere yawe.
Guhitamo Ukurikije Ingengo yimari
Ku mishinga ifite ingengo yimishinga iciriritse, ibyuma birashobora kuba amahitamo yubukungu, cyane cyane urebye igiciro cyacyo gito kandi muri rusange igiciro cyo gutunganya imiterere yoroshye. Ariko, niba ushobora kugura ikiguzi cyo hejuru kandi ukaba ushaka kuzigama igihe kirekire mubijyanye no kubungabunga no gukora, aluminium irashobora kuba igishoro cyiza. Kurugero, mukarere k'inyanja aho ruswa ishobora guhangayikishwa cyane, imiterere ya aluminiyumu irashobora kugura amafaranga mbere ariko ikazigama amafaranga mugihe kirekire kubera irwanya ruswa.
Guhitamo Ukurikije Ibisabwa
Mubisabwa hanze, cyane cyane mubidukikije bikaze, aluminium irwanya ruswa itanga inyungu. Kurugero, ibyapa byo hanze cyangwa inkingi zoroheje zikoze muri aluminium bizaramba bitarinze kubora. Mu nganda zifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, nko mu ruganda rukora ibyuma cyangwa uruganda rukora amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwibyuma bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru butuma ibintu byifuzwa.
Mu gusoza, ikibazo kimaze igihe cyo kumenya niba ibyuma cyangwa aluminium ari byiza ntabwo bifite igisubizo rusange. Ibikoresho byombi bifite umwihariko wihariye wumutungo, ibyiza, nibibi. Urebye neza ibisabwa byihariye byumushinga wawe, niba ari imikorere, ikiguzi, cyangwa ibintu byihariye bisabwa, urashobora gufata icyemezo kibimenyeshejwe. Twifuzaga kumva ibyakubayeho muguhitamo ibyuma na aluminium. Nyamuneka sangira ibitekerezo byawe mubitekerezo bikurikira!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-17-2025
